ABCA10 is an ATP-binding cassette transporter belonging to the ABCA subfamily, functioning as a lipid transporter involved in cellular lipid homeostasis. Structurally, it encodes a 1543-amino acid full-size ABC transporter with a PEST sequence potentially regulating proteasomal degradation and contains a cholesterol-responsive regulatory element 1. The protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, the primary site of lipid biosynthesis, and demonstrates ubiquitous expression with highest levels in heart, brain, and gastrointestinal tract 1, 2. ABCA10 is suppressed by cholesterol import into macrophages, indicating cholesterol-regulated function in lipid metabolism 1. Clinically, ABCA10 dysregulation associates with multiple disease contexts. Downregulation correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer, shorter overall survival, and altered immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment 3. Pan-cancer analysis across 30 cancer types reveals reduced ABCA10 expression correlating with worse survival outcomes and altered immunotherapy responses 4. A missense variant (rs779392624) associates with fasting triglycerides in American Indian populations, supporting macrophage lipid homeostasis function 5. Additionally, ABCA10 expression is significantly dysregulated in frontotemporal dementia with TDP-43 inclusions, suggesting involvement in lipid metabolism-related neuroinflammation 6. ABCA10 emerges as a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis and therapeutic targeting.