ABCB10 is a mitochondrial inner membrane ATP-dependent transporter that plays crucial roles in heme biosynthesis and cellular redox homeostasis 1. The protein forms homodimers with ATP-binding domains facing the mitochondrial matrix and adopts an open-inwards conformation even when bound to ATP analogs, suggesting unique transport mechanisms 2. ABCB10 is essential for erythropoiesis and hemoglobin synthesis, with expression highly induced during erythroid differentiation 1. The transporter protects cells against oxidative stress by exporting biliverdin from mitochondria, enabling increased bilirubin synthesis which serves as a ROS scavenger 3. In hepatocytes, ABCB10 mitigates neutrophilic inflammation in alcoholic hepatitis by reducing ROS-mediated actions and decreasing NET formation 3. However, in pancreatic beta-cells, ABCB10 can promote insulin resistance by limiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and promoting maladaptive beta-cell mass expansion during high-fat diet exposure 4. The gene is transcriptionally regulated by E2F transcription factors, particularly E2F4, which directly binds to the ABCB10 promoter 5. Human ABCB10 variants associated with type 2 diabetes risk show increased expression in beta-cells, suggesting clinical relevance in metabolic disease 4.