ABCE1 is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that functions as a RNase L inhibitor, suppressing the interferon-dependent 2-5A/RNase L antiviral pathway 1. The protein binds to RNase L and translation initiation factors (eIF2α and eIF5) to regulate translation initiation and ribosome recycling 23. ABCE1 is highly expressed across multiple cancer types including colorectal, oral, gastric, lung, and thyroid carcinomas, correlating with disease stage and poor differentiation 4562. ABCE1 knockdown consistently reduces cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest 457. In colorectal cancer, ABCE1 deletion activates p53 signaling and reduces aerobic glycolysis 4. Beyond oncology, a novel ABCE1-derived long noncoding RNA (ABCE1-5) suppresses pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting keratin14 expression and mTOR/AKT signaling 8. Additionally, ABCE1 supports axonal mitochondrial protein synthesis in motoneurons, preventing peripheral neuropathy 3. These findings establish ABCE1 as a pleiotropic regulator with oncogenic functions in cancer and protective roles in neuronal and lung homeostasis, making it a potential therapeutic target.