ADARB2 is an RNA-binding protein localized to chromosome 10 1 that functions primarily as a negative regulator of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing. ADARB2 interferes with ADAR/ADAR1 and ADARB1/ADAR2 editing activities by competing for target RNA binding, thereby repressing RNA editing across the transcriptome. Beyond editing inhibition, ADARB2 stabilizes specific mRNAs including MAVS, DUSP1, and EGR1 through direct binding and mRNA stabilization mechanisms independent of RNA editing. ADARB2 is selectively expressed in pancreatic δ-cells and is associated with preautonomic neuronal populations in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus 23. Clinically, ADARB2 functions as a tumor suppressor; genetic variants rs904957 and rs1007147 significantly elevate papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) risk by impairing ADARB2 expression through allele-specific miR-1180-3p binding, with carriers of the rs904957 C allele showing markedly increased PTC susceptibility 4. ADARB2 is also a characteristic biomarker for diabetic kidney disease, with dysregulation associated with inflammatory and immune responses 5. Additionally, ADARB2 transcription is enhanced by FUS in colorectal cancer contexts 6. These findings position ADARB2 as a multifunctional regulator with important roles in cancer suppression and metabolic/neurological disease pathogenesis.