ADCY1 encodes adenylate cyclase 1, a calcium/calmodulin-responsive enzyme that catalyzes cAMP synthesis downstream of G-protein coupled receptor signaling 1. In airway epithelial cells, ADCY1 assembles into compartmentalized signalsomes with CFTR and TMEM16A to coordinate Ca2+ and cAMP-dependent chloride secretion 1. ADCY1 plays critical roles in neuronal function: enhanced ADCY1 expression in Fragile X syndrome neurons causes aberrant ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling, excessive protein synthesis, and autism-related behavioral abnormalities including repetitive behaviors and social deficits, which are reversed by genetic or pharmacological ADCY1 reduction 2. ADCY1 has therapeutic significance in multiple diseases: in gliomas, downregulation promotes malignant progression, while CUX2-mediated ADCY1 upregulation suppresses glioma cell proliferation and invasion 3. ADCY1 expression is reduced in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and serves as an independent prognostic biomarker associated with overall survival 4. ADCY1 upregulation contributes to thalamic pain pathogenesis, with electroacupuncture alleviating pain through ADCY1 suppression 5. Additionally, ADCY1 mediates drug-induced neuropsychiatric effects, as montelukast exposure reduces ADCY1 expression and cAMP levels, causing neural maturation defects in brain organoids 6. ADCY1 downregulation protects cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced toxicity 7, and altered ADCY1 expression associates with bipolar disorder pathogenesis in glial cells 8.