Angiotensinogen (AGT) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system that functions as a substrate for angiotensin production and regulates blood pressure homeostasis. AGT serves as a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor MAS1, exerting vasodilator and antidiuretic effects while promoting antithrombotic activity through MAS1-mediated nitric oxide release from platelets. The gene plays critical roles in blood vessel diameter maintenance, kidney development, and extracellular signaling. Genetic variants in AGT significantly influence disease susceptibility across multiple conditions. The G-217A polymorphism demonstrates strong association with essential hypertension risk, with AA genotype carriers showing 2.52-fold increased risk compared to GG carriers 1, and rs2493134 variants conferring 3.24-fold increased risk of plateau hypertension 2. AGT polymorphisms also associate with coronary artery disease susceptibility in Eastern Asian populations, particularly the M235T variant showing significant associations in Chinese cohorts 3. Additionally, AGT variants correlate with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy risk 4 and global COVID-19 mortality disparities 5. However, AGT polymorphisms demonstrate weak or non-significant associations with preeclampsia 6 and cancer susceptibility 7, while M235T variants show protective effects against adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura 8. Clinically, AGT genetic screening may help identify individuals at elevated cardiovascular and hypertension risk, particularly in specific ethnic populations.