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GeneE
10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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AKR1C1
aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1
Chromosome 10 · 10p15.1
NCBI Gene: 1645Ensembl: ENSG00000187134.15HGNC: HGNC:384UniProt: Q04828
109PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
progesterone metabolic processaldose reductase (NADPH) activityprotein bindingoxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptoralcohol drinkingPeyronie diseasefasciitiscarpal tunnel syndrome
✦AI Summary

AKR1C1 is a cytosolic oxidoreductase that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of ketosteroids to hydroxysteroids, displaying broad substrate specificity 1. It primarily generates 20α-hydroxysteroids and plays critical roles in steroid hormone metabolism, particularly progesterone inactivation and neurosteroid production 2. AKR1C1 reduces progesterone to less potent metabolites, potentially regulating progesterone receptor ligand availability, and converts the neuroactive steroid 3α,5α-THP to less potent forms, modulating GABAAR-mediated neural signaling. In inflammation-induced parturition, IL-1β upregulates AKR1C1 expression in decidual stromal cells, promoting progesterone inactivation and labor initiation; AKR1C1 inhibition prevents preterm birth in mouse models 3. AKR1C1 demonstrates significant disease relevance in cancer biology. It protects corneal epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis in dry eye disease through NRF2-mediated upregulation 4. In extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, elevated AKR1C1 promotes tumorigenicity by suppressing CYP1B1-mediated ferroptosis via ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation and AHR-mediated transcriptional repression; AKR1C1 depletion sensitizes tumors to ferroptosis inducers 5. Similarly, in triple-negative breast cancer, AKR1C1 enhances GPX4 ubiquitination and degradation to suppress ferroptosis 6. AKR1C1 is upregulated in STK11/KEAP1 co-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, conferring ferroptosis resistance 7. These findings position AKR1C1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for hormone-dependent cancers and ferroptosis-resistant malignancies.

Sources cited
1
AKR superfamily structure, catalytic mechanism, substrate specificity, and involvement of AKR1C1 in steroid hormone metabolism
PMID: 25304492
2
AKR1C1 functions in hormone metabolism, progesterone metabolism, and relationship with hormone-dependent diseases
PMID: 34780792
3
AKR1C1 protects corneal epithelial cells from ferroptosis in dry eye disease through NRF2-mediated upregulation
PMID: 36066316
4
AKR1C1 is highly expressed in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and suppresses ferroptosis by degrading CYP1B1 via ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation and AHR-mediated transcriptional repression
PMID: 39478199
5
IL-1β upregulates AKR1C1 in decidual stromal cells to inactivate progesterone and promote labor; AKR1C1 inhibition prevents inflammation-induced preterm birth
PMID: 38861608
6
AKR1C1 is elevated in STK11/KEAP1 co-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and confers ferroptosis resistance
PMID: 33264619
7
Nobiletin targets AKR1C1 to promote GPX4 ubiquitination and degradation, inducing ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer
PMID: 40819642
Disease Associationsⓘ20
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.41Moderate
Peyronie diseaseOpen Targets
0.37Weak
fasciitisOpen Targets
0.35Weak
carpal tunnel syndromeOpen Targets
0.33Weak
atrial heart septal defectOpen Targets
0.27Weak
bronchopneumoniaOpen Targets
0.24Weak
Lung AbscessOpen Targets
0.24Weak
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.12Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.10Weak
small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
urinary bladder carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
liver cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
head and neck squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
nasopharyngeal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
cholangiocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
esophageal squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
DHDHProtein interaction99%SRD5A1Protein interaction99%CYP11B1Protein interaction98%CYP11B2Protein interaction98%CYP17A1Protein interaction98%CYP21A2Protein interaction98%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Lung
8%
Heart
8%
Ovary
5%
Bone Marrow
2%
Brain
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
AKR1C1DHDHSRD5A1CYP11B1CYP11B2CYP17A1CYP21A2
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB1MRQ · 1.59 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.25LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.93 [0.69–1.25]
RankingsWhere AKR1C1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #4,343of 20,598
    Most Researched109 · top quartile
  • #13,236of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.25
Genes detectedAKR1C1
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs): Overview.
PMID: 25304492
Chem Biol Interact · 2015
1.00
2
Overview of human 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1): Functions, regulation, and structural insights of inhibitors.
PMID: 34780792
Chem Biol Interact · 2022
0.90
3
AKR1C1 Protects Corneal Epithelial Cells Against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Ferroptosis in Dry Eye.
PMID: 36066316
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci · 2022
0.80
4
Systematic dissection of tumor-normal single-cell ecosystems across a thousand tumors of 30 cancer types.
PMID: 38744958
Nat Commun · 2024
0.70
5
The AKR1C1-CYP1B1-cAMP signaling axis controls tumorigenicity and ferroptosis susceptibility of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
PMID: 39478199
Cell Death Differ · 2025
0.60