ANLN (anillin) is an actin-binding protein that serves essential roles in cell division and cancer progression. Its primary function involves regulating cytokinesis by maintaining the structural integrity of the cleavage furrow and promoting contractile ring assembly 1. Beyond its canonical mitotic role, nuclear ANLN functions as a transcriptional regulator by directly interacting with RNA polymerase II to form transcriptional condensates, enhancing Pol II clustering and promoting target gene expression involved in oxidoreductase activity, Wnt signaling, and cell differentiation 2. ANLN expression is significantly elevated across multiple cancer types and correlates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and other malignancies 34. The protein's oncogenic activity is regulated through the USP10-mediated deubiquitination pathway, which prevents ANLN degradation and promotes cancer cell proliferation 1. Therapeutically, ANLN represents a promising target, with compounds like penfluridol suppressing its expression through the MYC/NRF2/KEAP1 axis 5. ANLN also modulates immune infiltration patterns and shows potential as both a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target across various cancer types 6.