ANO1 (anoctamin 1) is a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) that plays crucial roles in epithelial secretion, smooth muscle function, and cellular signaling 12. The protein is widely expressed in epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and neurons, where it regulates chloride transport in response to intracellular calcium increases 3. In epithelial tissues, ANO1 facilitates chloride secretion and mucus production, particularly in salivary and pancreatic glands where it is densely packed in apical membranes 3. The channel also supports CFTR activation and modulates intracellular calcium signaling by tethering the endoplasmic reticulum 3. ANO1 dysregulation is associated with multiple diseases, including intestinal dysmotility syndrome and Moyamoya disease. In cancer contexts, ANO1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of ferroptosis via PI3K-Akt signaling and recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts 45. ANO1 also contributes to immunotherapy resistance by creating an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment 4. These diverse functions make ANO1 a promising therapeutic target for both cancer treatment and other ANO1-associated diseases 2.