ANTXR1 (Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1), also known as TEM8, is a transmembrane cell surface protein with diverse roles in cancer biology, fibrosis, and cellular metabolism. The protein functions as a collagen-binding receptor that mediates collagen uptake in tumor-associated stromal cells, which then process collagen into glutamine for cancer cell survival under nutrient starvation conditions 1. ANTXR1 activates the RhoC/ROCK1/SMAD5 signaling pathway, promoting cancer stemness and serving as a marker for vasculogenic mimicry-forming breast tumor-initiating cells 2. In colorectal cancer, lactate-induced ANTXR1 lactylation enhances protein stability and contributes to oxaliplatin resistance 3. The protein also plays a pathological role in cardiac fibrosis, where genetic or pharmacological blockade improves heart function in multiple heart failure models by modulating TGFβ-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling 4. In gliomas, ANTXR1 promotes tumor growth through PI3K/AKT pathway activation 5. Additionally, ANTXR1+ myofibroblasts in ovarian cancer inhibit anti-tumor immunity via YAP1 signaling 6. ANTXR1 has been associated with primary ovarian insufficiency syndromes 7. These findings establish ANTXR1 as a multifunctional protein with significant therapeutic potential across various pathological conditions.