AXIN1 is a critical scaffold protein that functions as a tumor suppressor through its central role in the β-catenin destruction complex, which regulates Wnt signaling 1. The protein facilitates the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of β-catenin (CTNNB1), thereby controlling its cellular levels and modulating Wnt pathway activity 2. Loss-of-function mutations in AXIN1 occur in approximately 35% of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), where they contribute to oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation 13. AXIN1 mutations are associated with specific mutational signatures in HCC and represent one of the core deregulated pathways in liver cancer 4. Beyond Wnt signaling, AXIN1 regulates additional cellular processes including YAP/TAZ stability in the Hippo pathway, where AXIN1 binds to and stabilizes these transcriptional co-activators 5. Recent studies have also identified AXIN1's role in antiviral immunity, where it stabilizes IRF3 by preventing autophagic degradation and undergoes phase separation upon viral infection to boost interferon production 6. The protein's diverse functions make it an important therapeutic target, with AXIN1 agonists showing promise as both antiviral agents and potential cancer treatments 65.