C16orf54 is a protein-coding gene with biased expression in lymphoid tissues (bone marrow and lymph nodes) 1. While its precise molecular function remains incompletely characterized, C16orf54 demonstrates protein binding capability and shows biased expression patterns in specific tissues 1. In cancer biology, C16orf54 functions as a potential immune and prognostic marker across multiple malignancies 1. The gene expression is positively correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune regulatory genes (including chemokines, receptors, and MHC molecules), and stromal/immune microenvironment scores, while being negatively associated with tumor purity 1. Notably, C16orf54 was identified as a hub gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with immune infiltration and cell cycle regulation, contributing to tumor prognosis prediction 2. Pan-cancer analysis reveals C16orf54 expression is significantly associated with tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, and tumor stemness indicators 1. KEGG and GSEA analyses indicate C16orf54 involvement in immune cell signaling pathways 1. These findings suggest C16orf54 could serve as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy, though its direct molecular mechanisms require further investigation.