CACNG5 encodes the calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma-5, a transmembrane auxiliary protein that regulates AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). As a type II TARP (transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein), CACNG5 modulates AMPAR gating properties by accelerating activation, deactivation, and desensitization rates, with selective regulation of calcium-permeable AMPARs containing long-form GRIA2 and GRIA1/GRIA4 subunits 1. Structurally, CACNG5 interacts with the ligand-binding domain of GluA2 AMPAR at a maximum stoichiometry of two TARPs per tetramer, slowing recovery from desensitization 2. CACNG5 has significant clinical relevance to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic variants in CACNG5 are associated with schizophrenia susceptibility, with SNP rs17645023 showing significant association (OR=0.856, P<5.43×10⁻⁵) 3 and rs17645023 differentially associated between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder cases 4. Additionally, CACNG5 functions as a target gene of miR-96; suppression of miR-96 reduces dopaminergic neuron apoptosis in Parkinson's disease models by upregulating CACNG5 and blocking MAPK pathway activation 5. In spinal cord ependymoma, reduced CACNG5 expression promotes tumor cell proliferation through lncRNA LINC00880-mediated MAPK pathway activation 6, indicating tumor-suppressive functions.