CASP1 (caspase-1) is a cysteine protease that functions as a central mediator of inflammasome-driven inflammatory responses rather than apoptosis 1. The protein operates primarily through the NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 inflammasome complexes, where it processes pro-inflammatory cytokine precursors into their active forms, particularly interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 1. CASP1 activation is regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, with USP22-mediated deubiquitination providing negative regulation 2. CASP1 has significant disease relevance across multiple pathologies. In Alzheimer's disease, enhanced CASP1 expression in affected brains drives neuroinflammation through NLRP3 activation; Casp1-knockout mice showed protection from cognitive decline and reduced amyloid-β pathology 1. CASP1 also contributes to necroptotic cell death programs in psoriasis and atherosclerosis, functioning alongside ferroptosis-related pathways 3. In allergic rhinitis, house dust mite allergens trigger CASP1 activation via mtDNA-STING signaling 4, while genetic variants in CASP1 are associated with restenosis risk following coronary intervention 5. Clinically, CASP1 represents a therapeutic target for inflammasome-related diseases. Kaempferol treatment of rheumatoid arthritis operates through CASP1 inhibition within the NLRP3/CASP1/GSDMD pyroptotic axis 6. Emerging evidence suggests potential involvement in aspartame-induced hepatotoxicity through CASP1 modulation 7, highlighting the protein's diverse pathogenic roles.