CD40 is a type I transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily constitutively expressed on hematopoietic cells including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells such as endothelial cells and platelets 1. CD40 functions as a receptor for CD40 ligand (CD40L/CD154), with this receptor-ligand interaction serving as an essential immune checkpoint molecule 2. Upon CD40 engagement by CD40L expressed on T cells, the receptor transduces TRAF6- and MAP3K8-mediated signals activating ERK, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines, T helper cell function promotion, and macrophage activation 1. A critical function of CD40 signaling is enabling immunoglobulin isotype switching in B cells; defective CD40L causes hyper-IgM immunodeficiency characterized by absent circulating immunoglobulins except IgM 34. Beyond B cell immunity, CD40 signaling mediates broad immune and inflammatory responses including expression of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and apoptotic mediators 5. CD40 dysregulation associates with multiple pathologies: elevated CD40 expression in gastric carcinoma correlates with TNM stage, metastasis, and poor prognosis 6, while CD40/CD40L pathway activation in platelets contributes to atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes 7. Consequently, CD40 represents a validated therapeutic target, with both agonistic and antagonistic monoclonal antibodies developed for oncological and autoimmune disease treatment 2.