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50 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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CD44
CD44 molecule (IN blood group)
Chromosome 11 · 11p13
NCBI Gene: 960Ensembl: ENSG00000026508.22HGNC: HGNC:1681UniProt: P16070
1,488PubMed Papers
20Diseases
2Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Hub GeneReceptor
RESEARCH IMPACT
Highly StudiedTrending
CLINICAL
Early Pipeline
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
cell migrationcytokine receptor activitycellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulusNK T cell activationnephrolithiasis, calcium oxalatecalcium oxalate urolithiasissystemic lupus erythematosusuterine fibroid
✦AI Summary

CD44 is a multifunctional cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a key mediator of cellular adhesion, migration, and signaling pathways 1. The protein functions primarily as a receptor for extracellular matrix components, particularly hyaluronic acid (HA), osteopontin, and matrix metalloproteinases, driving numerous cancer-associated signaling cascades 1. CD44 undergoes alternative splicing to produce standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms that interact with different ligands to regulate cellular processes 1. The protein plays critical roles in autophagy regulation, where its intracellular domain (CD44ICD) negatively controls autophagy by reducing PIK3R4 and PIK3C3 levels and disrupting STAT3-dependent complexes, linking autophagy decline to vascular aging 2. In cancer biology, CD44 functions as a cancer stem cell marker, promoting self-renewal, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and resistance to therapy 1. The protein is stabilized through deubiquitination by USP10, enhancing breast cancer cell proliferation, stemness, and metastasis via activation of PDGFRβ/STAT3 signaling 3. Additionally, CD44 mediates inflammatory responses by facilitating neutrophil extracellular trap formation and Th17 cell differentiation through a feedback loop involving IL-17A 4. Beyond cancer, CD44 has emerging roles in metabolic regulation, particularly in insulin resistance associated with obesity and diabetes 5.

Sources cited
1
CD44 is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a cancer stem cell marker and undergoes alternative splicing
PMID: 34944493
2
CD44ICD negatively regulates autophagy by reducing PIK3R4 and PIK3C3 levels and disrupting STAT3-dependent complexes
PMID: 37684253
3
USP10 stabilizes CD44 through deubiquitination, enhancing breast cancer stemness and metastasis via PDGFRβ/STAT3 signaling
PMID: 39564770
4
CD44 mediates inflammatory responses through a NETs-CD44-IL-17A feedback loop involving Th17 cells
PMID: 40013981
5
CD44 has roles in metabolism, particularly in insulin resistance associated with obesity and diabetes
PMID: 35249813
Disease Associationsⓘ20
nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalateOpen Targets
0.52Moderate
calcium oxalate urolithiasisOpen Targets
0.52Moderate
systemic lupus erythematosusOpen Targets
0.47Moderate
uterine fibroidOpen Targets
0.45Moderate
autoimmune diseaseOpen Targets
0.34Weak
hypothyroidismOpen Targets
0.32Weak
thyroiditisOpen Targets
0.32Weak
Uterine leiomyomaOpen Targets
0.31Weak
thyroid diseaseOpen Targets
0.31Weak
glomerulonephritisOpen Targets
0.30Weak
liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.29Weak
Hashimoto's thyroiditisOpen Targets
0.27Weak
brain aneurysmOpen Targets
0.26Weak
myxedemaOpen Targets
0.25Weak
VitiligoOpen Targets
0.23Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.20Weak
type 1 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.19Weak
vertebral column disorderOpen Targets
0.17Weak
glioblastoma multiformeOpen Targets
0.13Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.12Weak
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Drug Targets2
BIVATUZUMABPhase I
CD44 antigen binding agent
breast neoplasm
BIVATUZUMAB MERTANSINEUNKNOWN
Tubulin inhibitor
Related Genes
CDC42Protein interaction100%CD74Protein interaction100%MIFProtein interaction100%EZRProtein interaction100%VAV1Protein interaction100%VAV3Protein interaction100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
100%
Bone Marrow
55%
Brain
35%
Heart
12%
Liver
5%
Ovary
4%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CD44CDC42CD74MIFEZRVAV1VAV3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB4PZ3 · 1.08 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.65LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.48 [0.36–0.65]
RankingsWhere CD44 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #88of 20,598
    Most Researched1,488 · top 1%
  • #4,757of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.65
Genes detectedCD44
Sources retrieved50 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
50▼
1
CD44: A Multifunctional Mediator of Cancer Progression.
PMID: 34944493
Biomolecules · 2021
1.00
2
The membrane receptor CD44: novel insights into metabolism.
PMID: 35249813
Trends Endocrinol Metab · 2022
0.90
3
Role of CD44 in Chemotherapy Treatment Outcome: A Scoping Review of Clinical Studies.
PMID: 38542115
Int J Mol Sci · 2024
0.86
4
[Oligo- and polysacharides, proteoglycans].
PMID: 29658283
Orv Hetil · 2018
0.82
5
CD44 connects autophagy decline and ageing in the vascular endothelium.
PMID: 37684253
Nat Commun · 2023
0.80