CFL1 encodes cofilin-1, an actin-binding protein that regulates F-actin depolymerization through phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms 1. The protein plays critical roles in cytoskeletal dynamics, with phosphorylated CFL1 (p-CFL1) being essential for proper spindle assembly and migration during oocyte meiosis 2. CFL1 functions as a cofactor for METTL3 in super-enhancer RNA m6A methylation, contributing to epigenetic regulation of chr11 state and oncogene transcription in pancreatic cancer 3. In neural development, CFL1 is essential for neural tube closure, as knockout mice exhibit neural tube defects and embryonic lethality 4. Genetic variants in CFL1 are associated with increased spina bifida risk in humans 4 and alcohol use disorder phenotypes, where hippocampal CFL1 expression affects synaptic transmission and reward-seeking behaviors 5. The protein also plays roles in immune regulation, as estradiol-induced CFL1 expression contributes to HIV-1 infection inhibition 6, and CFL1 has been identified as a potential biomarker in ischemic stroke through its involvement in immune and inflammatory responses 7. Damaging mutations, particularly L84P and L99A variants, can disrupt protein structure and actin-binding affinity 1.