CHR15 encodes the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, which functions as a ligand-gated ion channel that binds acetylcholine and regulates calcium transport and synaptic transmission 1. The receptor is ubiquitously expressed in both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, playing crucial roles in multiple physiological processes 1. A key function of CHR15 is mediating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, where it serves as the essential macrophage receptor responding to vagus nerve signals to inhibit TNF release and attenuate systemic inflammatory responses 2. The gene is subject to complex regulation, including a human-specific partial duplication (CHR15) that produces a dominant negative regulator, reducing α7nAChR function 13. CHR15 demonstrates significant disease relevance, being genetically linked to cognitive disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ADHD, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease 1. Additionally, it shows involvement in Parkinson's disease through RIC3 mutations affecting CHR15 chaperoning 4, migraine pathophysiology 5, and osteoarthritis severity and pain behaviors 6. In cancer, CHR15 overexpression inhibits colorectal cancer cell invasion and metastasis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway modulation 7. The receptor's diverse functions make it a potential therapeutic target across multiple neurological, inflammatory, and pain-related conditions.