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GeneE
10 sources retrieved ยท Most recent: April 2026 ยท Index updated 14 days ago
โ“˜GeneE is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
CHRNG
cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit
Chromosome 2 ยท 2q37.1
NCBI Gene: 1146Ensembl: ENSG00000196811.13HGNC: HGNC:1967UniProt: A0A6F7YAP6
38PubMed Papers
22Diseases
22Drugs
80Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Ion ChannelReceptorTransporter
RESEARCH IMPACT
Variant-Rich
CLINICAL
FDA Approved TargetOMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
โœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceโœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingacetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activityacetylcholine receptor activitytransmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potentialautosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndromelethal multiple pterygium syndromeMuscle spasmmuscle cramp
โœฆAI Summary

CHR2 encodes the gamma subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), a critical component of the postsynaptic apparatus at the neuromuscular junction. Upon acetylcholine binding, CHR2 participates in the conformational change of the AChR that opens an ion-conducting channel, enabling membrane depolarization and skeletal muscle contraction through monoatomic cation transport 1. The gamma subunit is specifically expressed during fetal muscle development and is essential for proper neuromuscular junction formation and prenatal neuromuscular signal transduction 2. Pathogenic CHR2 variants cause autosomal recessive congenital myasthenic syndromes and multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS), including the Escobar variant 13. CHR2-related nonlethal MPS presents with distinctive phenotypes featuring multiple congenital contractures, pterygium, and facial dysmorphism alongside characteristic muscle pathology including reduced muscle bulk and selective fatty infiltration 3. Mutations predominantly localize to the extracellular domain 3. At the histological level, CHR2 mutations disrupt normal neuromuscular junction organization, resulting in aberrant spatial distribution of acetylcholine receptors relative to acetylcholinesterase, reflecting impaired synaptogenesis 2. Clinically, CHR2 represents one of the most frequently implicated genes in neuromuscular arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, accounting for approximately 10.9% of genetically resolved cases in recent cohorts 4. The disorder demonstrates a stable clinical course over time, making it distinguishable from other arthrogryposis entities 3.

Sources cited
1
CHRNG is one of 35 genes causing congenital myasthenic syndromes with impaired neuromuscular signal transmission
PMID: 36835142
2
CHRNG mutations cause autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome with distinctive phenotype of contractures, pterygium, and muscle imaging features
PMID: 30868735
3
CHRNG is expressed in fetal muscle during motor development, contributes to NMJ formation, and mutations cause neuromuscular junction structural and functional anomalies
PMID: 24038971
4
CHRNG is the second most frequently implicated gene in neuromuscular arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, accounting for 10.9% of genetically resolved cases
PMID: 40443119
โš Limited data available โ€” This gene has 4 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsโ“˜22
autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndromeOpen Targets
0.81Strong
lethal multiple pterygium syndromeOpen Targets
0.79Strong
muscle crampOpen Targets
0.53Moderate
Muscle spasmOpen Targets
0.53Moderate
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.49Moderate
CHRNG-associated hypo-akinesia disorder of prenatal onsetOpen Targets
0.41Moderate
Abnormality of prenatal development or birthOpen Targets
0.34Weak
scoliosisOpen Targets
0.33Weak
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.33Weak
Ankle flexion contractureOpen Targets
0.33Weak
Arthrogryposis-like hand anomalyOpen Targets
0.33Weak
MyalgiaOpen Targets
0.32Weak
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.30Weak
urinary system diseaseOpen Targets
0.29Weak
multiple pterygium syndromeOpen Targets
0.27Weak
arthrogryposis multiplex congenitaOpen Targets
0.27Weak
fetal akinesia deformation sequenceOpen Targets
0.27Weak
fetal akinesia deformation sequence 1Open Targets
0.27Weak
peripheral neuropathyOpen Targets
0.27Weak
acute respiratory distress syndromeOpen Targets
0.26Weak
Multiple pterygium syndrome, Escobar variantUniProt
Multiple pterygium syndrome, lethal typeUniProt
Pathogenic Variants80
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.459dup (p.Val154fs)Pathogenic
not provided|CHRNG-related disorder|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Other rare neuromuscular disorders
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2026โ†’ Residue 154
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.1354del (p.Arg452fs)Pathogenic
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|not provided
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2026โ†’ Residue 452
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.256C>T (p.Arg86Cys)Pathogenic
Peripheral neuropathy|not provided|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome;Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2026โ†’ Residue 86
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.753_754del (p.Val253fs)Pathogenic
Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|not provided|Inborn genetic diseases|CHRNG-related disorder|Abnormality of prenatal development or birth|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome;Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 253
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.715C>T (p.Arg239Cys)Pathogenic
Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|not provided
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 239
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.136C>T (p.Arg46Ter)Pathogenic
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|not provided|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome;Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 46
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.240+1delPathogenic
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|not provided|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.117dup (p.Asn40fs)Pathogenic
not provided|Inborn genetic diseases|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome;Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2025โ†’ Residue 40
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.428C>G (p.Pro143Arg)Pathogenic
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|not provided
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 143
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.805+1G>ALikely pathogenic
not provided|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.351-2A>GLikely pathogenic
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|not provided|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.1081_1102del (p.Pro361fs)Pathogenic
not provided|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome;Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 361
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.350+2T>CPathogenic
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.274C>T (p.Arg92Ter)Pathogenic
not provided|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 92
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.202C>T (p.Arg68Ter)Pathogenic
Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome;Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Arthrogryposis-like hand anomaly;Ankle flexion contracture;Scoliosis|not provided|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 68
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.532_533del (p.Glu177_Ile178insTer)Pathogenic
not provided|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome;Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 177
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.1380+1G>ALikely pathogenic
Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.397del (p.Ser133fs)Pathogenic
not provided|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 133
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.710_711delinsAA (p.Ile237Lys)Likely pathogenic
Fetal akinesia deformation sequence 1;Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita|Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 237
NM_005199.5(CHRNG):c.807dup (p.Gly270fs)Pathogenic
not provided|Autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome;Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†2024โ†’ Residue 270
View on ClinVar โ†—
Drug Targets22
ATRACURIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
ATRACURIUM BESYLATEEARLY_PHASE_1
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
CISATRACURIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Muscle spasm
CISATRACURIUM BESYLATEPhase III
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
acute respiratory distress syndrome
DECAMETHONIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist
Muscle spasm
DOXACURIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
muscle cramp
GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDEApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
METOCURINE IODIDEApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
MIVACURIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
MIVACURIUM CHLORIDEPhase II
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Decreased liver function
PANCURONIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
PIPECURONIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
muscle cramp
PIPECURONIUM BROMIDEUNKNOWN
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
RAPACURONIUM BROMIDEApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Muscle spasm
ROCURONIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Muscle spasm
ROCURONIUM BROMIDEPhase III
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDEApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
SUXAMETHONIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
muscle cramp
TUBOCURARINEApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
TUBOCURARINE CHLORIDEUNKNOWN
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
VECURONIUMApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
muscle cramp
VECURONIUM BROMIDEApproved
Muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Related Genes
RAPSNProtein interaction93%CHRNEProtein interaction83%MUSKProtein interaction77%CHRNB1Protein interaction75%CHRNDProtein interaction72%CHRNA1Protein interaction67%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Lung
91%
Brain
91%
Ovary
55%
Liver
55%
Heart
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CHRNGRAPSNCHRNEMUSKCHRNB1CHRNDCHRNA1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewerโ€ฆ
AlphaFoldAI-predicted ยท UniProt P07510
View on AlphaFold โ†—
Constraintโ“˜
LOEUFโ“˜
1.29LoF Tolerant
pLIโ“˜
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.05 [0.87โ€“1.29]
RankingsWhere CHRNG stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #10,448of 20,598
    Most Researched38
  • #98of 1,025
    FDA-Approved Drug Targets16 ยท top 10%
  • #934of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants80 ยท top quartile
  • #13,551of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.29
Genes detectedCHRNG
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response timeโ€”
๐Ÿ“„ Sources
10โ–ผ
1
Clinical and Pathologic Features of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes Caused by 35 Genes-A Comprehensive Review.
PMID: 36835142
Int J Mol Sci ยท 2023
1.00
2
A 20-year Clinical and Genetic Neuromuscular Cohort Analysis in Lebanon: An International Effort.
PMID: 34602496
J Neuromuscul Dis ยท 2022
0.90
3
Autoimmune Pathology in Myasthenia Gravis Disease Subtypes Is Governed by Divergent Mechanisms of Immunopathology.
PMID: 32547535
Front Immunol ยท 2020
0.80
4
CHRNG-related nonlethal multiple pterygium syndrome: Muscle imaging pattern and clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic findings.
PMID: 30868735
Am J Med Genet A ยท 2019
0.70
5
Myasthenia gravis.
PMID: 31048687
Nat Rev Dis Primers ยท 2019
0.60