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50 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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CLU
clusterin
Chromosome 8 · 8p21.1
NCBI Gene: 1191Ensembl: ENSG00000120885.23HGNC: HGNC:2095UniProt: P10909
653PubMed Papers
20Diseases
2Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Hub Gene
RESEARCH IMPACT
Highly StudiedTrending
CLINICAL
Clinical Trials
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
ATP hydrolysis activityextracellular regioncytoskeletonmembraneAlzheimer diseasedementialate-onset Alzheimers diseaseprostate cancer
✦AI Summary

Clusterin (CLU) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with diverse roles in neuroprotection and cellular homeostasis. Primary function: CLU acts as an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent, existing in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and secreted forms 1. In the brain, CLU reduces neuroinflammatory gene expression by binding to brain endothelial cells 2 and modulates astrocyte reactivity to maintain synaptic integrity 3. Mechanism: CLU interacts with complement cascade components and TLR4 signaling to suppress NF-κB-dependent inflammation 34. In mitochondrial contexts, CLU functions as an adaptor protein coordinating BAX and LC3 to facilitate mitophagy and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis 5. CLU also facilitates amyloid-beta clearance through TREM2-mediated microglial uptake of lipoprotein complexes 6. Disease relevance: CLU is implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis; reduced CLU levels associate with heightened inflammatory profiles and cognitive decline 3, while CLU upregulation correlates with cognitive maintenance 3. CLU expression is altered downstream of SORL1, a major AD risk gene 7. Clinical significance: Exercise increases plasma CLU levels, linking it to cognitive benefits and reduced neuroinflammation 2. CLU inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy 5, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Sources cited
1
Exercise increases plasma CLU levels; intravenous CLU reduces neuroinflammatory gene expression in acute brain inflammation and Alzheimer's disease models
PMID: 34880498
2
CLU deficiency increases NF-κB signaling and complement C3 secretion in astrocytes; CLU AD-risk alleles associate with reduced protein and heightened inflammatory profiles
PMID: 40311610
3
CLU localizes to mitochondria and acts as adaptor protein coordinating BAX and LC3 to induce mitophagy in response to chemotherapeutic stress
PMID: 38447939
4
CLU exists in nuclear, cytoplasmic, and secreted forms with variable molecular weight; participates in neurological, fibrotic, and metabolic diseases by regulating endocytosis and apoptosis
PMID: 39991767
5
Injury-induced CLU+ cardiomyocytes secrete CLU which binds macrophage TLR4, attenuating inflammation and promoting reparative macrophage polarization
PMID: 41205597
6
TREM2 binds CLU and facilitates microglial uptake of amyloid-beta-lipoprotein complexes; TREM2 disease variants impair CLU binding and uptake
PMID: 27477018
7
SORL1 loss induces neuron-specific reduction in CLU and APOE; implicates TGF-β/SMAD signaling in SORL1-mediated regulation of CLU
PMID: 37611586
8
CLU is an AD risk gene with altered expression in astrocytes correlating with amyloid-beta and phospho-tau pathology
PMID: 34767070
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.55Moderate
dementiaOpen Targets
0.49Moderate
late-onset Alzheimers diseaseOpen Targets
0.40Weak
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.39Weak
dengue diseaseOpen Targets
0.37Weak
substance-related disorderOpen Targets
0.33Weak
HypermetropiaOpen Targets
0.33Weak
Abnormality of refractionOpen Targets
0.33Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.32Weak
Lewy body dementiaOpen Targets
0.32Weak
Age-related cataractOpen Targets
0.32Weak
myopiaOpen Targets
0.32Weak
refractive errorOpen Targets
0.32Weak
placenta praeviaOpen Targets
0.31Weak
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.30Weak
lung cancerOpen Targets
0.29Weak
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
atherosclerosisOpen Targets
0.15Weak
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseOpen Targets
0.13Weak
vascular diseaseOpen Targets
0.13Weak
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Drug Targets2
CUSTIRSENPhase III
Clusterin mRNA antisense inhibitor
breast cancer
CUSTIRSEN SODIUMPhase III
Clusterin mRNA antisense inhibitor
prostate cancer
Related Genes
BIN1Protein interaction100%CD33Protein interaction100%APPProtein interaction100%CST3Protein interaction100%TREM2Protein interaction100%SORL1Protein interaction100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Brain
37%
Ovary
10%
Heart
9%
Lung
6%
Bone Marrow
4%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CLUBIN1CD33APPCST3TREM2SORL1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB7ZET · 2.80 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.72LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.52 [0.38–0.72]
RankingsWhere CLU stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #336of 20,598
    Most Researched653 · top 5%
  • #5,499of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.72
Genes detectedCLU
Sources retrieved50 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
50▼
1
Exercise plasma boosts memory and dampens brain inflammation via clusterin.
PMID: 34880498
Nature · 2021
1.00
2
CLU alleviates Alzheimer's disease-relevant processes by modulating astrocyte reactivity and microglia-dependent synaptic density.
PMID: 40311610
Neuron · 2025
0.90
3
Secreted clusterin inhibits tumorigenesis by modulating tumor cells and macrophages in human meningioma.
PMID: 38416702
Neuro Oncol · 2024
0.82
4
Clusterin Drives Fiber Endocytosis by Mesothelial Cells to Resolve Liver Fibrosis.
PMID: 41369634
Gastroenterology · 2026
0.80
5
CLU (clusterin) and PPARGC1A/PGC1α coordinately control mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis for oral cancer cell survival.
PMID: 38447939
Autophagy · 2024
0.80