CLUH (clustered mitochondria homolog) is an mRNA-binding protein that coordinates cytoplasmic translation of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins with mitochondrial function and localization 1. CLUH specifically binds mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins and localizes near mitochondria to regulate their translation 1, functioning within ribonucleoprotein granules that integrate metabolic signaling 2. Mechanistically, CLUH interacts with ribosomal subunits and translation factors 3, coordinates with the protein SPAG5 in cytosolic granules 4, and regulates mTORC1 signaling and mitophagy 2. CLUH is essential for axonal mitochondrial quality control and neurodevelopment; its deficiency causes ATP depletion in growth cones and peripheral neuropathy in mice 3. In immune cells, CLUH functions as a negative regulator of inflammation by maintaining mitochondrial integrity and suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion; reduced CLUH expression correlates with active ulcerative colitis 5. CLUH also couples mitochondrial metabolism to cell cycle progression through astrin-1 regulation 6. Pathogenic CLUH variants have been identified in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis patients 7, suggesting roles in immune dysregulation. Notably, CLUH participates in influenza virus ribonucleoprotein transport, indicating viral interactions 8.