CTBP2 (C-terminal binding protein 2) is a multifunctional transcriptional coregulator and metabolite-sensing protein with distinct roles in development, metabolism, and disease. As a transcriptional coregulator, CTBP2 functions as a scaffold protein that interacts with other transcription factors through its PLDLS motif domain 1. CTBP2 forms complexes with other proteins to regulate gene expression; notably, the CTBP2-PCIF1 complex catalyzes m6Am modification of mRNA, suppressing translation of tumor suppressors like TET2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 2. The CTBP2/RIBEYE locus produces tissue-specific isoforms: CTBP2 is expressed in retinal progenitors and GABAergic amacrine cells, while RIBEYE is localized to ribbon synapses in photoreceptor and bipolar cells 3. CTBP2 also functions as a secreted metabolite sensor via exosomes that links cellular metabolism to longevity; exosomal CTBP2 extends lifespan in aged mice through AMPK activation 4. Pathologically, CTBP2 is upregulated in high-grade gliomas and correlates with poor prognosis 5, while CTBP2 mutations are implicated in neurological disorders and body weight regulation 67. These findings establish CTBP2 as a pleiotropic regulator integrating transcriptional control, metabolic homeostasis, and neurodevelopmental functions.