EIF3A encodes the largest subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3), which plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by facilitating translation initiation complex assembly 1. The protein directly interacts with other eukaryotic initiation factors and ribosomal RNA through its methyltransferase domain, promoting translation of over 4,000 mRNA transcripts 1. EIF3A functions as a proto-oncogene with significant disease relevance, being upregulated in various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, and ovarian cancer 234. In hepatocellular carcinoma, EIF3A promotes cancer stem cell self-renewal and is essential for tumorigenesis 2. The gene is regulated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through an active TCF/LEF binding site in its promoter, and its overexpression can transform intestinal epithelial cells 3. EIF3A also contributes to genotoxic drug resistance by enhancing DNA repair pathways and modulating RPA2 through formation of a CSDE1-eIF3a-RNA regulatory complex 5. Additionally, EIF3A knockdown shows therapeutic potential in pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the TGFβ1/SMAD pathway 6. These findings position EIF3A as an emerging anticancer drug target 4.