EIF3C is a critical component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex, functioning as a core subunit required for multiple steps in protein synthesis initiation 123. Within the eIF3 complex, EIF3C facilitates assembly of the 43S pre-initiation complex and promotes mRNA recruitment and scanning for AUG codon recognition 4. The complex also enables ribosomal subunit recycling and prevents premature 40S-60S joining 1. EIF3C selectively targets mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, cell cycling, differentiation, and apoptosis, employing differential RNA stem-loop binding for translational activation or repression 2. Clinically, EIF3C overexpression is associated with multiple malignancies. In ovarian cancer, YTHDF1-mediated augmentation of EIF3C translation in an m6A-dependent manner promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis 5. In hepatocellular carcinoma, EIF3C overexpression increases exosome secretion and angiogenesis through S100A11 activation, correlating with poor survival 6. EIF3C elevation also predicts adverse outcomes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, where low EIF3C expression correlates with enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration 78. Conversely, EIF3C knockdown promotes apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells and reduces inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis 910. EIF3C has been identified as a biomarker for vitiligo and alopecia areata 11, suggesting broader disease relevance beyond cancer.