EIF3G encodes a core subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) complex, which plays essential roles in protein synthesis and cellular regulation 1. The protein functions primarily in translational initiation by facilitating ribosome binding to mRNA and formation of the cytoplasmic translation initiation complex 2. EIF3G interacts with multiple proteins including SLIP1, which connects it to specialized histone mRNA translation, and eIF4A3, which drives internal initiation of translation in circular RNAs 21. The protein localizes to both cytoplasm and nucleus, where it interacts with nuclear proteins including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and β-actin 3. EIF3G also associates with the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with PELO, HAX1, and SRPX proteins, potentially facilitating mRNA quality control 4. Disease relevance includes association with narcolepsy through genetic variants that increase EIF3G expression 5, and involvement in cancer where it affects cell proliferation and is regulated by long non-coding RNAs like LINC02446 6. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, the RRM domain of eIF3G is essential for Nsp1-induced mRNA cleavage, highlighting its role in viral pathogenesis 7. The protein's diverse functions extend beyond translation to include roles in mRNA metabolism, cellular signaling, and disease pathogenesis.