ELMOD2 (ELMO domain containing 2) is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) with broad specificity for ARF family GTPases, including ARL2, ARL3, ARF1, and ARF6 1. The protein functions as a critical regulator of multiple cellular processes through its GAP activity and effector functions. ELMOD2 acts downstream of ARL2 to promote mitochondrial fusion in a mitofusin-dependent manner, regulating mitochondrial morphology and dynamics 2. In ciliogenesis, ELMOD2 works with ARL2 and Rootletin in a common pathway that suppresses spurious ciliation and maintains centrosome cohesion, acting downstream of TTBK2 and upstream of CP110 1. The protein also regulates lipid metabolism by controlling adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) recruitment to lipid droplets through modulation of Arf1-COPI activity, requiring palmitoylation for proper localization 3. Additionally, ELMOD2 regulates antiviral responses by controlling TLR3-dependent expression of type I and III interferons in epithelial cells and macrophages 4. In reproductive biology, ELMOD2 is essential for meiotic progression in mouse oocytes, regulating mitochondrial dynamics and ATP levels 5. Clinical relevance includes associations with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and glioma progression, where overexpression correlates with adverse outcomes 467.