EPHA1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds ephrin-A ligands (particularly EFNA1) on adjacent cells to initiate contact-dependent bidirectional signaling. Upon activation, EPHA1 promotes cell attachment to the extracellular matrix while inhibiting cell spreading and motility through ILK, RHOA, and RAC regulation 1. The receptor plays established roles in angiogenesis and cell proliferation 2. EPHA1 has emerged as a significant disease-relevant gene identified through genome-wide association studies. It is a confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk gene 3, with recent evidence identifying EPHA1 as one of seven proteins with structural alterations due to missense mutations in AD pathogenesis 4. Experimental studies in Drosophila demonstrate that EphA1 dysfunction affects sleep architecture, circadian rhythm, neuronal excitability, and memory—behavioral phenotypes relevant to AD 1. EPHA1 is also implicated in neuroinflammatory mechanisms linked to AD progression 5. Beyond neurodegeneration, EPHA1 represents a key oncogenic driver across multiple cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, and breast cancer, where it contributes to tumor progression and angiogenesis 678. EPHA1 expression changes serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, with potential as a therapeutic target through structural modification or receptor inhibition 6.