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GeneE
25 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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FNDC5
fibronectin type III domain containing 5
Chromosome 1 · 1p35.1
NCBI Gene: 252995Ensembl: ENSG00000160097.21HGNC: HGNC:20240UniProt: A0A0A0MRR6
354PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
RESEARCH IMPACT
Highly StudiedTrending
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
plasma membranepositive regulation of brown fat cell differentiationextracellular regionresponse to muscle activityneurodegenerative diseasetype 2 diabetes mellitusobesitypolycystic ovary syndrome
✦AI Summary

FNDC5 (fibronectin type III domain containing 5) is a membrane-bound protein that serves as the precursor for irisin, an exercise-induced myokine 1. Upon physical activity, PGC-1α activates FNDC5 expression in skeletal muscle, leading to ectodomain cleavage and irisin release 2. Irisin exerts pleiotropic effects by binding to αV/β5 integrin receptors 3, inducing white adipose tissue browning through UCP1 expression and improving metabolic homeostasis 1. Beyond metabolism, FNDC5/irisin mediates exercise's neuroprotective effects through a PGC-1α-dependent pathway that increases hippocampal BDNF expression, rescuing synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease models 42. The gene also regulates bone remodeling through effects on osteocytic survival and sclerostin production 3. Circulating irisin levels are markedly reduced in obesity, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease, but elevated in cancer 1. Recent evidence demonstrates that recombinant irisin administration ameliorates age-associated sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction in mice, improving grip strength, insulin sensitivity, and reducing hepatic steatosis 5. These findings establish FNDC5/irisin as a critical molecular mediator of exercise's systemic health benefits, positioning it as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.

Sources cited
1
Irisin is the cleaved ectodomain of FNDC5, activated by PGC-1α during exercise; irisin levels are reduced in obesity, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, and CVDs but elevated in cancer
PMID: 36225200
2
FNDC5/irisin levels are reduced in AD hippocampi and CSF; FNDC5/irisin is necessary for exercise-induced synaptic plasticity and memory rescue in AD models
PMID: 30617325
3
Exercise induces FNDC5 in hippocampus through PGC-1α pathway; FNDC5 increases BDNF expression; peripheral irisin delivery induces brain BDNF expression
PMID: 24120943
4
Irisin binds to αV/β5 integrin receptors; irisin increases osteocytic survival and sclerostin production; FNDC5 ablation prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss
PMID: 30550785
5
FNDC5/irisin expression decreases with aging; recombinant irisin treatment improves muscle mass, grip strength, insulin sensitivity, and reduces hepatic steatosis in aged mice
PMID: 36510115
6
Exercise increases neuronal FNDC5 expression; FNDC5/irisin contributes to increased BDNF levels and neurogenesis as part of muscle-brain endocrine crosstalk
PMID: 30837717
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.13Weak
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.13Weak
obesityOpen Targets
0.12Weak
polycystic ovary syndromeOpen Targets
0.12Weak
sarcopeniaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.11Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
chronic kidney diseaseOpen Targets
0.11Weak
cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
metabolic syndromeOpen Targets
0.11Weak
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.11Weak
gestational diabetesOpen Targets
0.11Weak
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.11Weak
Prader-Willi syndromeOpen Targets
0.10Weak
SepsisOpen Targets
0.10Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.10Weak
hypothyroidismOpen Targets
0.10Weak
Insulin resistanceOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
PPARGC1AProtein interaction94%UCP1Protein interaction79%FGF21Protein interaction79%MSTNProtein interaction78%METRNProtein interaction70%PERM1Shared pathway50%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Heart
100%
Brain
22%
Liver
15%
Ovary
14%
Lung
2%
Bone Marrow
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
FNDC5PPARGC1AUCP1FGF21MSTNMETRNPERM1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB4LSD · 2.28 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.81LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.12Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.46 [0.28–0.81]
RankingsWhere FNDC5 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #876of 20,598
    Most Researched354 · top 5%
  • #6,751of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.81
Genes detectedFNDC5
Sources retrieved25 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
25▼
1
Role of irisin in physiology and pathology.
PMID: 36225200
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) · 2022
1.00
2
Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer's models.
PMID: 30617325
Nat Med · 2019
0.90
3
Physical activity and muscle-brain crosstalk.
PMID: 30837717
Nat Rev Endocrinol · 2019
0.80
4
Irisin ameliorates age-associated sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction.
PMID: 36510115
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle · 2023
0.70
5
Aerobic exercise attenuates LPS-induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress, glial activation, and neuroinflammation.
PMID: 38408409
Redox Biol · 2024
0.60