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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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GAL
galanin and GMAP prepropeptide
Chromosome 11 · 11q13.2
NCBI Gene: 51083Ensembl: ENSG00000069482.8HGNC: HGNC:4114UniProt: P22466
133PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
1Pathogenic Variants
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
type 3 galanin receptor bindingsignal transductionadenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGO:0005615temporal lobe epilepsyneurodegenerative diseaseautosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory featuresankylosing spondylitis
✦AI Summary

Based on the provided abstracts, there is insufficient information to provide an accurate gene function summary for GAL (galanin and GMAP prepropeptide). The abstracts primarily discuss alpha-galactose (α-Gal) epitopes, galactosidase enzymes, and galectin-3 protein, which are unrelated to the GAL gene encoding galanin neuropeptide. The abstracts focus on xenotransplantation immunology 123, alpha-Gal allergy mechanisms 45, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase 6, anti-non-Gal antibodies in xenograft rejection 7, and galectin-3's role in liver disease 8. None of these studies investigate galanin's function as a neuropeptide hormone that regulates physiological processes through G protein-coupled receptors, its role in smooth muscle contraction, hormone release, or its association with temporal lobe epilepsy as indicated in the gene background information. To provide an accurate evidence-based summary of GAL gene function, abstracts specifically examining galanin neuropeptide research would be required.

Sources cited
1
Studies senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, not galanin
PMID: 16626397
2
Discusses alpha-galactose epitopes in xenotransplantation, unrelated to galanin
PMID: 9507728
3
Focuses on cardiac xenotransplantation and alpha-Gal epitopes, not galanin
PMID: 9192487
4
Studies alpha-Gal allergy in gene-edited pigs, unrelated to galanin
PMID: 38469303
5
Reviews anti-Gal antibodies and alpha-Gal epitopes, not galanin
PMID: 23578170
6
Characterizes anti-non-Gal antibodies in xenotransplantation, unrelated to galanin
PMID: 17667817
7
Reviews galectin-3 in liver disease, not galanin
PMID: 37705214
8
Studies oligosaccharides in xenotransplantation, unrelated to galanin
PMID: 7868156
Disease Associationsⓘ21
temporal lobe epilepsyOpen Targets
0.54Moderate
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory featuresOpen Targets
0.41Moderate
ankylosing spondylitisOpen Targets
0.30Weak
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.14Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.12Weak
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.12Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
ArthropathyOpen Targets
0.10Weak
glioblastoma multiformeOpen Targets
0.10Weak
infectionOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
hemolytic anemiaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
malariaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
head and neck squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
melanomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
bone fractureOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
COVID-19Open Targets
0.09Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
Epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 8UniProt
Pathogenic Variants1
NM_015973.5(GAL):c.116C>A (p.Ala39Glu)Pathogenic
Familial temporal lobe epilepsy 8
☆☆☆☆2015→ Residue 39
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
GALR3Protein interaction100%POMCProtein interaction94%CCKProtein interaction86%GHRHProtein interaction86%GNRH1Protein interaction86%NPYProtein interaction86%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Brain
11%
Lung
7%
Liver
7%
Ovary
4%
Heart
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GALGALR3POMCCCKGHRHGNRH1NPY
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB7WQ4 · 2.60 Å · EM
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.72LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.01Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.89 [0.46–1.72]
RankingsWhere GAL stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #3,483of 20,598
    Most Researched133 · top quartile
  • #4,801of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants1
  • #16,200of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.72
Genes detectedGAL
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10â–¼
1
Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase is lysosomal beta-galactosidase.
PMID: 16626397
Aging Cell · 2006
1.00
2
Xenoantigens and xenoantibodies.
PMID: 9507728
Xenotransplantation · 1998
0.90
3
Cardiac xenotransplantation.
PMID: 9192487
Curr Opin Cardiol · 1997
0.80
4
Gene-edited pigs: a translational model for human food allergy against alpha-Gal and anaphylaxis.
PMID: 38469303
Front Immunol · 2024
0.70
5
Anti-Gal: an abundant human natural antibody of multiple pathogeneses and clinical benefits.
PMID: 23578170
Immunology · 2013
0.60