GALNT10 (polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10) catalyzes the initial transfer of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine to serine or threonine residues on proteins, initiating O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus 1. This glycosylation activity is fundamental to protein post-translational modification and cell signaling. GALNT10 exhibits significant disease relevance across multiple cancer types. In gastric cancer, elevated GALNT10 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis while reducing 5-fluorouracil sensitivity through HOXD13 regulation 1. In metastatic renal cell carcinoma, high GALNT10 levels independently predict poor overall survival in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors 2. Similarly, GALNT10 overexpression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer correlates with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, increased regulatory T cells, and reduced CD8+ T cell function 3. GALNT10 also facilitates cholangiocarcinoma progression via the miR-505 regulatory axis 4. Beyond cancer, genetic variants in GALNT10 modulate sex-differences in carotid intima-media thickness, suggesting cardiovascular implications 5. GALNT10 variants are associated with schizophrenia susceptibility 6 and may predispose to familial non-medullary thyroid cancer 7. GALNT10 also serves as a protein biomarker associated with noncommunicable disease-related mortality in people with HIV 8. Clinically, GALNT10 represents a promising therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker across malignancies.