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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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GJA10
gap junction protein alpha 10
Chromosome 6 · 6q15
NCBI Gene: 84694Ensembl: ENSG00000135355.4HGNC: HGNC:16995UniProt: Q969M2
8PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
gap junction channel activityconnexin complexcell-cell signalingplasma membraneneurodegenerative diseasemathematical abilityCone rod dystrophyretinitis pigmentosa
✦AI Summary

GJA10 encodes connexin-62 (Cx62), a gap junction protein that forms hemichannels and gap junctions for intercellular communication 1. In the retina, GJA10 is expressed in the inner and outer plexiform layers 1 and functions as part of the cone-horizontal cell synapse, mediating ephaptic inhibitory feedback through hemichannel-based signaling 2. The protein facilitates both gap junction-mediated and hemichannel-mediated intercellular transport of small molecules 3. Beyond retinal function, GJA10 has been identified in platelets, where connexin-62 regulates agonist-stimulated platelet function and thrombosis independently of other connexins 3. Functionally, GJA10 restores homotypic intercellular transfer and exhibits heterotypic coupling with other connexin isoforms, with unitary conductance of approximately 27 picosiemens 4. Clinically, elevated GJA10 mRNA expression correlates with poor overall survival in gastric cancer patients (P=0.015) 5, and GJA10 was identified among immune-related genes differentially expressed between hot and cold colorectal tumors 6. These findings suggest GJA10 functions in specialized electrical coupling in neural and hematologic tissues, with potential implications for cancer progression.

Sources cited
1
GJA10 (Cx62) is expressed in human retina, specifically in inner and outer plexiform layers
PMID: 20979653
2
GJA10 encodes a connexin involved in ephaptic inhibitory feedback signaling in cone synapses via hemichannels
PMID: 22796289
3
Cx62 (GJA10 product) functions in platelets to regulate gap junction and hemichannel-mediated intercellular communication and platelet function
PMID: 32822477
4
Connexin-57 (GJA10 ortholog) restores intercellular transfer, exhibits heterotypic coupling, and has unitary conductance of ~27 picosiemens
PMID: 10329667
5
High GJA10 mRNA expression associates with poorer overall survival in gastric cancer patients (P=0.015)
PMID: 31423234
6
GJA10 was identified as a differentially expressed immune-related gene in colorectal cancer analysis
PMID: 35401882
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.34Weak
mathematical abilityOpen Targets
0.15Weak
Cone rod dystrophyOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
retinitis pigmentosaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
AnxietyOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
pathological myopiaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
age-related macular degenerationOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathyOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Progressive cone dystrophyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Best vitelliform macular dystrophyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Familial drusenOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Sorsby's fundus dystrophyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Stargardt diseaseOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
obesityOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
X-linked retinal dysplasiaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
progressive bifocal chorioretinal atrophyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
X-linked retinoschisisOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Bietti crystalline dystrophyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy, classic typeOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
GJB3Shared pathway100%GJD2Shared pathway100%GJE1Shared pathway100%GJB7Shared pathway100%GJC3Shared pathway100%GJD4Shared pathway100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Heart
0%
Brain
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Ovary
0%
Liver
0%
Lung
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GJA10GJB3GJD2GJE1GJB7GJC3GJD4
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q969M2
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.95LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.04Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF3.17 [0.59–1.95]
RankingsWhere GJA10 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #17,606of 20,598
    Most Researched8
  • #17,685of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.95
Genes detectedGJA10
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Expression of connexin genes in the human retina.
PMID: 20979653
BMC Ophthalmol · 2010
1.00
2
Comprehensive Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Immunity and Identification of Immune-Related Prognostic Targets.
PMID: 35401882
Dis Markers · 2022
0.90
3
Connexin hemichannel mediated ephaptic inhibition in the retina.
PMID: 22796289
Brain Res · 2012
0.80
4
Prognostic value of the mRNA expression of gap junction α members in patients with gastric cancer.
PMID: 31423234
Oncol Lett · 2019
0.70
5
Molecular cloning and functional expression of the mouse gap junction gene connexin-57 in human HeLa cells.
PMID: 10329667
J Biol Chem · 1999
0.60