GNGT1 (G protein subunit gamma transducin 1) encodes a gamma-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins that is essential for G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Located on chromosome 7.3 1, GNGT1 is required for GTPase activity, GDP-GTP exchange, and G protein-effector interactions in signal transduction. While originally characterized as rod photoreceptor-specific 1, GNGT1 has emerged as a critical regulator in cancer biology. In lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), elevated GNGT1 expression correlates with poor prognosis, advanced lymph node metastasis, and increased tumor cell stemness 2. High GNGT1 expression promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and remodels the tumor microenvironment by suppressing immune cell infiltration, including T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells 23. Similar associations occur in gastric cancer, where GNGT1 overexpression correlates with worse clinicopathological features and reduced immune checkpoint expression 3. GNGT1 has been identified as a diagnostic biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer 4. Additionally, genetic variants in GNGT1 are associated with reduced risk of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy 5. These findings suggest GNGT1 functions beyond phototransduction, acting as an immunomodulatory driver of cancer progression with potential therapeutic implications.