GPT2 (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and α-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate 1. Located in the mitochondrial matrix, GPT2 plays crucial roles in amino acid metabolism and cellular energy homeostasis. The enzyme facilitates glutamine catabolism, with its glutamate product serving as a precursor for GABA synthesis 1. GPT2 expression is regulated at multiple levels, including mRNA stability control by RNA-binding proteins like SPTBN1 2 and transcriptional activation through the Ku70-SIX1 complex 3. The enzyme demonstrates significant clinical relevance across multiple diseases. GPT2 is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by spastic paraplegia and microcephaly. In cancer, GPT2 promotes metastasis in breast cancer through GABA-GABAA receptor signaling and PKC-CREB pathway activation 1, while also facilitating tumor progression via exosomal mechanisms 4. Additionally, GPT2 contributes to metabolic reprogramming in renal clear cell carcinoma 2 and prostate cancer 3. In diabetes, GPT2 negatively regulates pancreatic β-cell incretin sensitivity, suggesting therapeutic potential in targeting GPT2 for improved glucose homeostasis 5. GPT2 also serves as a biomarker in atopic dermatitis, correlating with mitochondrial dysfunction 6.