GPX1 catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of hydroperoxides, including hydrogen peroxide and fatty acid-derived hydroperoxides, thereby regulating cellular redox homeostasis 12. In platelets, GPX1 reduces 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a product of the arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase pathway 1. GPX1 prevents oxidative DNA damage by working in concert with antioxidant defense systems, including interaction with glutathione metabolism 3. GPX1 expression is dysregulated in multiple cancers: downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared to normal adjacent tissue 4, while elevated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, where high expression predicts poor survival and correlates with lymph node metastasis 5. The Pro200Leu polymorphism (rs1050450) shows context-dependent associations with cancer risk, including significantly increased bladder cancer susceptibility 6. Recent evidence reveals that GPX1 is a druggable target for age-related conditions: elevated GPX1 expression positively correlates with hypertension and frailty through glycine and carnitine metabolism pathways 7. In cancer immunotherapy, GPX1 localized to telomeres protects T cells from oxidative stress-induced dysfunction, enhancing therapeutic efficacy 8. Targeting NONO-mediated GPX1 splicing represents a potential therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma 9.