GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi 1) is a phase II detoxification enzyme that catalyzes conjugation of reduced glutathione to hydrophobic electrophiles 1. Its primary functions include metabolic detoxification, antioxidant defense, and protein glutathionylation 1. GSTP1 mediates glutathione conjugation of prostaglandins A2 and J2, participates in hepoxilin biosynthesis, and negatively regulates ferroptosis by detoxifying 4-hydroxynonenal reactive aldehydes 2. Additionally, GSTP1 suppresses neurodegeneration through CDK5 activity regulation 3. Clinically, GSTP1 exhibits multiple disease associations. Genetic polymorphisms, particularly the Ile105Val variant, correlate with increased susceptibility to breast cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer 456. GSTP1 promoter methylation is significantly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues compared to adjacent and normal tissues, associating with poor patient outcomes 7. In glioblastoma, C/EBPβ-mediated GSTP1 upregulation reduces reactive oxidative species and promotes tumor proliferation 3. Notably, GSTP1 inhibition sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to immunotherapy by modulating tumor-macrophage metabolic interactions 2. These findings position GSTP1 as a therapeutic target across multiple malignancies.