GTF2B (general transcription factor IIB) is a fundamental component of the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery that plays essential roles in transcription initiation and regulation. As a core transcription factor, GTF2B functions in pre-initiation complex formation and RNA polymerase II recruitment at promoter regions, forming a critical bridge between TATA-binding protein (TBP) and the polymerase complex 1. The protein binds to specific DNA recognition elements (BRE sequences) both upstream and downstream of TATA boxes in a TBP-independent manner and modulates transcription start site selection 1. Beyond its general transcriptional role, GTF2B exhibits regulatory functions in specific cellular contexts. In growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas, GTF2B transcriptionally regulates AIP (aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein) expression, influencing tumor aggressiveness and phenotypes 1. GTF2B also responds to cellular stress conditions, with its expression being modulated under hypoxic conditions in glioma cells 2. Recent studies have implicated GTF2B in various pathological processes, including its identification as a potential biomarker in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury 3, lupus nephritis with monkeypox infection 4, and age-related multimorbidity 5. Additionally, GTF2B has been identified as a tumor-associated antigen with diagnostic potential in colorectal cancer screening 6.