HBA1 encodes hemoglobin subunit alpha 1, a critical component of adult hemoglobin (HbA) essential for oxygen transport in erythrocytes. The protein functions as part of the hemoglobin complex, facilitating oxygen and carbon dioxide transport while also participating in nitric oxide transport and peroxidase activity 1. HBA1 is glycosylated non-enzymatically to form HbA1c, the predominant fraction of HbA1, which serves as a clinical biomarker reflecting average blood glucose concentrations over 2-3 months 1. HbA1c measurement is crucial for diabetes diagnosis and management; HbA1c values below 7% reduce microvascular complications in diabetic patients 1. Beyond its traditional oxygen-carrying role, emerging evidence suggests HBA1 may function as a tumor-suppressor gene; overexpression of HBA1 in K562 leukemia cells inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and blocked cell cycle progression at G2/M phase 2. HBA1 mutations can produce abnormal hemoglobins; the HBA1:c.354_355insATC mutation causes Hb Phnom Penh, producing abnormal glycated hemoglobin values despite normal blood glucose 3. Gene deletions and duplications of HBA1 are among the most common genetic abnormalities worldwide and can be detected through molecular screening methods 4. These findings establish HBA1 as central to both normal hematopoietic function and potential disease mechanisms in hematologic malignancies.