HOXA13 is a sequence-specific transcription factor that functions as a developmental regulator controlling positional identity along the anterior-posterior axis 1. As a homeodomain-containing protein, HOXA13 binds DNA and regulates transcription by RNA polymerase II, playing critical roles in genitourinary and skeletal development 1. Mutations in HOXA13 cause Hand-Foot-Genital syndrome and contribute to Guttmacher syndrome, underscoring its essential developmental function 2. At the molecular level, HOXA13 operates through phase-separation-dependent mechanisms that organize transcriptional condensates; disease-associated repeat expansions alter this capacity and dysregulate target gene expression 3. Beyond development, HOXA13 demonstrates clinical significance in reproductive pathology, where dysregulated expression of HOXA13 and its transcriptional targets (PARVA, TFAP2A, PHTF2) associates with recurrent implantation failure and pre-eclampsia 4. In cancer, elevated HOXA13 expression correlates with poor prognosis, increased lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM staging across solid tumors 5. Recent evidence indicates HOXA13 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration through BMP-7 upregulation, suggesting therapeutic potential in liver injury treatment 6.