IL32 is a multifaceted intracellular cytokine that plays diverse roles in innate and adaptive immune responses 1. It induces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-8, activating NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways 1. IL32 functions as a fine-tuner of immune responses against pathogens like Mycobacterium, Leishmania, and HIV, while also modulating metabolic processes 1. IL32 demonstrates significant disease relevance across multiple conditions. In autoimmune contexts, IL32 contributes to alopecia areata pathogenesis alongside Th1/Th2 pathway activation 2. In metabolic disease, elevated hepatic IL-32 associates with steatotic liver disease; IL32 downregulation reduces intracellular triglyceride synthesis and type I collagen via PLA2G2A upregulation, with a protective genetic variant identified 3. IL32 is implicated in chr16 inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and COPD 1. Clinically, IL32 emerges as a therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy. IL32 enhances CD8+ T cell cytotoxic activity in colorectal cancer through granzyme B and IFN-γ secretion, offering potential to overcome immunotherapy resistance 4. In lung cancer, pericyte-derived IL32 reduces tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity via β5-integrin signaling 5. IL32 is identified as a key sepsis-associated gene with diagnostic biomarker potential 6.