IL7R encodes the interleukin-7 receptor, which is critical for T cell development, differentiation, and survival, as well as B cell development in mice and innate lymphoid cell maintenance 1. The receptor functions through JAK-STAT signaling pathways and is essential for lymphoid structure generation and barrier defense 1. IL7R expression exhibits functional heterogeneity across immune cells, with CD127 (IL7R subunit) marking anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets that restrain inflammatory gene expression through STAT5-coordinated programs in diseases like COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis 2. In cancer contexts, IL7R expression is associated with specific cellular phenotypes, including inflammatory myofibroblasts in skin diseases and cancer 3, and its downregulation correlates with disease progression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 4. The receptor also plays pathological roles in liver fibrosis, where IL7R interacts with TGF-Ξ² receptors to promote hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis 5. Additionally, IL7R has been identified as a potential biomarker in major depressive disorder, correlating with immune microenvironment changes 6, and serves as a target for anti-inflammatory microRNA regulation in inflammatory bowel diseases 7.