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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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ITLN2
intelectin 2
Chromosome 1 · 1q23.3
NCBI Gene: 142683Ensembl: ENSG00000158764.8HGNC: HGNC:20599UniProt: Q8WWU7
15PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingoligosaccharide bindingextracellular regionHypocalcemic vitamin D-resistant ricketsnon-small cell lung carcinomapolyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid factor positivehereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria
✦AI Summary

ITLN2 (intelectin 2) is a secretory protein with roles in innate immunity and intestinal homeostasis. ITLN2 is selectively expressed by Paneth cells in the small intestine, where it localizes to secretory granules and functions as a multimeric protein 1. The protein contains a fibrinogen-like domain with oligosaccharide-binding capacity, enabling recognition of microbe-specific glycans 2, supporting a role in pathogen defense. ITLN2 expression is dysregulated in inflammatory bowel disease: ileal Crohn's disease (CD) specimens show approximately five-fold reduced ITLN2 mRNA, while metaplastic Paneth cells in both ulcerative colitis and colonic CD express ITLN2 1. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, Paneth cell-specific ITLN2 mRNA levels significantly decrease in both COVID-19 patients and infected mice, suggesting coordinate downregulation of host defense genes during viral infection 3. Beyond intestinal immunity, ITLN2 has been identified as a key differentially expressed gene in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis 4, and a genetic variant (rs1556519) in ITLN2 is associated with lower BMI in psoriatic patients 5. These findings establish ITLN2 as a multifunctional innate immune protein with implications for infectious, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases.

Sources cited
1
ITLN2 is selectively expressed by Paneth cells, localizes to secretory granules, and is reduced in ileal CD; metaplastic Paneth cells express ITLN2 in UC and colonic CD
PMID: 35182405
2
Intelectins bind microbe-specific glycans; human ITLN2 has no mouse orthologue; intelectins involved in innate immunity and inflammatory bowel disease
PMID: 34330944
3
Paneth cell-specific ITLN2 mRNA significantly decreases in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and infected mice during COVID-19
PMID: 39738327
4
ITLN2 identified as a key differentially expressed gene associated with IPF pathogenesis through WGCNA and immune cell infiltration analysis
PMID: 40187620
5
ITLN2 genetic variant rs1556519 is associated with lower BMI in psoriatic patients
PMID: 35806402
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Hypocalcemic vitamin D-resistant ricketsOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid factor positiveOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuriaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Crohn's diseaseOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Tall stature - scoliosis - macrodactyly of the great toesOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
tall stature-scoliosis-macrodactyly of the great toes syndromeOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Eiken syndromeOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Short stature, Dauber-Argente typeOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
osteogenesis imperfecta, IIA 22Open Targets
0.04Suggestive
metaphyseal dysplasia, Braun-Tinschert typeOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid typeOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasiaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
familial avascular necrosis of femoral headOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Spahr typeOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic ricketsOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
X-linked hypophosphatemiaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
hypophosphatemic rickets, X-linked recessiveOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
ITLN1Protein interaction80%ENDOGProtein interaction80%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
100%
Ovary
23%
Liver
3%
Heart
3%
Brain
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
ITLN2ITLN1ENDOG
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q8WWU7
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.10LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.80 [0.59–1.10]
RankingsWhere ITLN2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #15,593of 20,598
    Most Researched15
  • #11,297of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.10
Genes detectedITLN2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Identification and analysis of extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.
PMID: 40187620
Gene · 2025
1.00
2
The Analysis of a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of Overweight and Obesity in Psoriasis.
PMID: 35806402
Int J Mol Sci · 2022
0.90
3
Maternal smoking impacts key biological pathways in newborns through epigenetic modification in Utero.
PMID: 27887572
BMC Genomics · 2016
0.80
4
Human intelectin-2 (ITLN2) is selectively expressed by secretory Paneth cells.
PMID: 35182405
FASEB J · 2022
0.70
5
Regulation of Paneth cell-specific genes in COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2-infected mice by quantification of mRNA from exfoliated cells in stool samples.
PMID: 39738327
Sci Rep · 2024
0.60