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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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KRT85
keratin 85
Chromosome 12 · 12q13.13
NCBI Gene: 3891Ensembl: ENSG00000135443.8HGNC: HGNC:6462UniProt: B7Z7N3
37PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
1Pathogenic Variants
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
GO:0005615protein bindingkeratin filamentstructural constituent of skin epidermispure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasiaplacenta praevialagophthalmosectodermal dysplasia syndrome
✦AI Summary

KRT85 (keratin 85) is a hair follicle-specific intermediate filament protein that serves as a structural constituent of the hair shaft inner root sheath and epidermis 1. As a type II keratin, KRT85 functions in intermediate filament organization and keratinization through formation of α-helical coiled-coil dimers with type I keratins like KRT35, which are stabilized by disulfide bonding between cysteine residues in the head and tail regions 2. KRT85 expression is developmentally regulated during hair follicle growth, being transcribed in the lower follicle during anagen and progressively restricted during catagen regression 1. Clinically, KRT85 mutations cause ectodermal dysplasia 4 (hair/nail type), characterized by hypotrichosis and nail dystrophy 3. In alopecia areata, a T cell-mediated autoimmune disorder, KRT85 expression is significantly suppressed in lesional scalp skin, with greater suppression correlating with extensive scalp involvement (>25%) 4. Additionally, KRT85 is aberrantly expressed in basal cell carcinoma, where it marks inner root sheath differentiation despite the oncogenic phenotype 5. Elevated KRT85 expression has been associated with poor colorectal cancer prognosis 6. These findings establish KRT85 as both essential for normal hair/nail development and dysregulated in multiple disease states.

Sources cited
1
KRT85 expression is significantly suppressed in alopecia areata lesional scalp, with greater suppression in cases with >25% scalp involvement
PMID: 26316095
2
Hoxc13-regulated Krt85 expression is decreased in ectodermal dysplasia-9 models with hair follicle abnormalities
PMID: 28011715
3
KRT85 is expressed in wool/hair follicles during anagen, with expression patterns indicating role in hair shaft formation and follicle morphology
PMID: 19272529
4
KRT35/KRT85 keratin dimers form through disulfide bonding and hydrophobic interactions, serving as fundamental building blocks of human hair
PMID: 26235519
5
KRT85 is expressed in basal cell carcinoma as a marker of hair follicle inner root sheath differentiation
PMID: 31580512
6
KRT85 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and associated with poor prognosis
PMID: 34911835
7
KRT85 is expressed in the hair follicle cuticula and involved in hair follicle cycling during micrograft storage
PMID: 28099203
Disease Associationsⓘ21
pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasiaOpen Targets
0.64Moderate
placenta praeviaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
lagophthalmosOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
ectodermal dysplasia syndromeOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
psoriasisOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Laurence-Moon syndromeOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
hypotrichosis 8Open Targets
0.00Suggestive
OligodontiaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
Woolly hairOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
astrocytomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
germ cell tumorOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
infectionOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
melanomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
neuroblastomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
sarcomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
HyperkeratosisOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
Ectodermal dysplasia 4, hair/nail typeUniProt
Pathogenic Variants1
NM_002283.4(KRT85):c.1448_1449del (p.Pro483fs)Pathogenic
Ectodermal dysplasia 4, hair/nail type
☆☆☆☆2010→ Residue 483
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
KRTAP11-1Protein interaction84%KRT71Protein interaction79%KRT35Protein interaction77%KRT83Shared pathway75%KRT77Shared pathway67%KRT79Shared pathway67%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
100%
Liver
88%
Ovary
0%
Brain
0%
Heart
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
KRT85KRTAP11-1KRT71KRT35KRT83KRT77KRT79
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt P78386
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.89LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.68 [0.53–0.89]
RankingsWhere KRT85 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #10,642of 20,598
    Most Researched37
  • #5,195of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants1
  • #7,978of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.89
Genes detectedKRT85
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10â–¼
1
Mutations in the keratin 85 (KRT85/hHb5) gene underlie pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia.
PMID: 19865094
J Invest Dermatol · 2010
1.00
2
Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17/TH22 skewing.
PMID: 26316095
J Allergy Clin Immunol · 2015
0.90
3
Generation of Hoxc13 knockout pigs recapitulates human ectodermal dysplasia-9.
PMID: 28011715
Hum Mol Genet · 2017
0.80
4
Autosomal recessive transmission of a rare KRT74 variant causes hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia: allelism with dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis.
PMID: 24714551
PLoS One · 2014
0.70
5
Hair follicle differentiation-specific keratin expression in human basal cell carcinoma.
PMID: 31580512
Clin Exp Dermatol · 2020
0.60