LPCAT1 (lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1) is a key enzyme in phospholipid metabolism that catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine through the Lands cycle, incorporating fatty acyl chains at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone 1. The enzyme exhibits calcium-independent acyltransferase activity with preference for saturated fatty acyl-CoAs and plays a crucial role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis, making it essential for proper lung function 1. LPCAT1 operates through membrane phospholipid remodeling, increasing membrane phospholipid saturation to reduce polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and protect against lipid peroxidation 2. The enzyme is significantly upregulated across multiple cancer types, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, where it promotes tumor progression by reprogramming cholesterol metabolism and enabling ferroptosis resistance 234. Clinically, elevated LPCAT1 expression correlates with poor patient prognosis and serves as a potential biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response 5. LPCAT1 represents a promising therapeutic target, as its inhibition suppresses tumor growth, enhances ferroptosis sensitivity, and reduces cancer cell proliferation and metastasis 263.