LYZL1 (lysozyme-like 1) is a c-type lysozyme family member with putative enzymatic and immune functions. LYZL1 contains the characteristic four disulfide bridges and conserved active site amino acids of c-type lysozyme 1. Structurally, LYZL1 exhibits an α-helix-dominant secondary structure similar to other LYZL proteins and possesses peptidoglycan-binding capability 1. Functionally, recombinant LYZL1 demonstrates muramidase, isopeptidase, and antibacterial activities, with antimicrobial mechanisms involving bacterial membrane damage and cellular content leakage 1. LYZL1 is predominantly expressed in the testis and localized to the germinal epithelium and spermatozoa, with androgen-independent expression 1, 2. Beyond reproductive function, LYZL1 expression extends to tissues outside the male reproductive tract 2. The gene appears involved in male reproductive tract physiology and innate immunity of the genital tract 3. In disease contexts, LYZL1 was identified as a differentially expressed protein in globozoospermia with DPY19L2 deletion 4 and was among genes altered in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells 5. Clinical significance remains to be fully elucidated.