MRPS11 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein S11) is a structural component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit involved in mitochondrial translation. As part of the mitochondrial ribosomal proteome, MRPS11 facilitates protein synthesis within mitochondria, which is essential for maintaining cellular energy metabolism and mitochondrial function 1. The protein binds to both RNA and other ribosomal proteins, serving as a structural constituent of the mitochondrial ribosome 1. Clinically, MRPS11 dysregulation has been implicated in multiple pathological conditions. Downregulation of MRPS11 was identified as a key finding in ischemic stroke-end stage renal disease comorbidity, suggesting compromised mitochondrial function in these conditions 1. MRPS11 emerged as a significant biomarker for major depressive disorder, with markedly reduced expression in patient samples, and was integrated into predictive nomograms for MDD risk 2. The gene was also identified among hub genes shared between polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer, implicating mitochondrial translational dysfunction in these endocrine-malignant disease connections 3. In ischemic stroke specifically, MRPS11 was included in a 12-gene ribosome biogenesis signature prognostic model associated with inflammatory responses and patient risk stratification 4. Additionally, MRPS11 downregulation was documented in ankylosing spondylitis with significant effect size, correlating with disrupted respiratory electron transport chain function 5. These findings collectively suggest MRPS11 represents a biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction across diverse inflammatory and neurological disease states.