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GeneE
10 sources retrieved Β· Most recent: April 2026 Β· Index updated 14 days ago
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MTM1
myotubularin 1
Chromosome X Β· Xq28
NCBI Gene: 4534Ensembl: ENSG00000171100.16HGNC: HGNC:7448UniProt: A0A8I5KQR6
100PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
268Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Highly ConstrainedTransporter
RESEARCH IMPACT
Variant-Rich
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
βœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceβœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate phosphatase activityphosphoprotein phosphatase activityprotein bindingintermediate filament bindingX-linked myotubular myopathycentronuclear myopathygenetic disordermyopathy
✦AI Summary

MTM1 encodes myotubularin, an endosomal lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) 1. The enzyme regulates endosome-mediated trafficking and negatively controls EGFR degradation through regulation of trafficking from late endosomes to lysosomes. MTM1 is essential for skeletal muscle maintenance, regulating desmin intermediate filament assembly, mitochondrial morphology, and positioning 2. In muscle tissue, MTM1 stabilizes MTMR12 protein levels and is required for proper T-tubule remodeling and excitation-contraction coupling. MTM1 mutations cause X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a severe congenital disorder characterized by profound muscle weakness, central nuclei, myofiber hypotrophy, and organelle disorganization 1. Beyond muscle pathology, MTM1 loss causes cholestatic liver disease through impaired hepatocyte endosomal trafficking and bile canalicular transporter localization 3. Clinically, XLMTM presents with hypotonia and weakness from birth, often requiring ventilator and wheelchair dependence 1. Recent advances in AAV8-mediated MTM1 gene replacement therapy show promise, with treated patients achieving ventilator independence and improved motor function; however, hepatobiliary complications requiring careful monitoring have emerged 4. Therapeutic targeting of dynamin 2, a common pathway dysregulated in centronuclear myopathies, represents an alternative strategy under investigation 2.

Sources cited
1
MTM1 encodes an endosomal phosphatase dephosphorylating PI3P and PI(3,5)P2; XLMTM causes muscle weakness, ventilator dependence, and characteristic pathology
PMID: 34736623
2
MTM1 dysfunction affects membrane remodeling, T-tubule organization, and excitation-contraction coupling; dynamin 2 is a common therapeutic target across CNM forms
PMID: 34768808
3
MTM1 loss causes cholestatic liver disease through impaired endosomal trafficking and bile transporter localization in hepatocytes
PMID: 37490339
4
AAV8-mediated MTM1 gene replacement therapy improves ventilator dependence and motor function in XLMTM patients, but hepatobiliary complications have been identified
PMID: 37977713
⚠Limited data available β€” This gene has 4 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsβ“˜21
X-linked myotubular myopathyOpen Targets
0.86Strong
centronuclear myopathyOpen Targets
0.66Moderate
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.40Weak
myopathyOpen Targets
0.35Weak
congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathyOpen Targets
0.35Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.35Weak
Generalized hypotoniaOpen Targets
0.34Weak
Neurodevelopmental disorderOpen Targets
0.34Weak
Spastic paraplegiaOpen Targets
0.33Weak
Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasisOpen Targets
0.33Weak
Abnormality of the respiratory systemOpen Targets
0.33Weak
Central core regions in muscle fibersOpen Targets
0.33Weak
post-traumatic stress disorderOpen Targets
0.30Weak
qualitative or quantitative defects of myotubularinOpen Targets
0.27Weak
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.26Weak
Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets
0.26Weak
lysosomal storage diseaseOpen Targets
0.26Weak
multiple sclerosisOpen Targets
0.26Weak
autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathyOpen Targets
0.13Weak
familial Mediterranean feverOpen Targets
0.12Weak
Myopathy, centronuclear, X-linkedUniProt
Pathogenic Variants268
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.690G>T (p.Trp230Cys)Likely pathogenic
Thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 230
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.690G>C (p.Trp230Cys)Likely pathogenic
Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 230
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.688T>C (p.Trp230Arg)Likely pathogenic
not provided|Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 230
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.1210G>A (p.Glu404Lys)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|Qualitative or quantitative defects of myotubularin|not provided|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 404
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.1353G>A (p.Gln451=)Likely pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2025β†’ Residue 451
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.205C>T (p.Arg69Cys)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2024β†’ Residue 69
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.141_144delPathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided|MTM1-related disorder|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2024
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.1792del (p.His598fs)Likely pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2024β†’ Residue 598
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.614C>T (p.Pro205Leu)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2024β†’ Residue 205
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.670C>T (p.Arg224Ter)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|Centronuclear myopathy|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2024β†’ Residue 224
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.1644+1G>APathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2024
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.575A>G (p.Tyr192Cys)Likely pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided|Centronuclear myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜…β˜†2024β†’ Residue 192
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.1261-10A>GPathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided|Centronuclear myopathy|MTM1-related disorder
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.757C>T (p.Arg253Ter)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 253
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.1132G>A (p.Gly378Arg)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|Inborn genetic diseases
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 378
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.1509del (p.Asn503fs)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 503
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.342_342+4delPathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.136+1G>CPathogenic
not provided|Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.969dup (p.Val324fs)Pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 324
NM_000252.3(MTM1):c.342+4A>GLikely pathogenic
Severe X-linked myotubular myopathy
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2025
View on ClinVar β†—
Related Genes
PIK3R4Protein interaction100%PI4KBProtein interaction99%PI4KAProtein interaction98%DNM2Protein interaction95%MTMR12Protein interaction95%PI4K2BProtein interaction95%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Liver
79%
Heart
67%
Brain
63%
Ovary
62%
Lung
54%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
MTM1PIK3R4PI4KBPI4KADNM2MTMR12PI4K2B
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted Β· UniProt Q13496
View on AlphaFold β†—
Constraintβ“˜
LOEUFβ“˜
0.30Highly Constrained
pLIβ“˜
1.00Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.17 [0.10–0.30]
RankingsWhere MTM1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #4,789of 20,598
    Most Researched100 Β· top quartile
  • #234of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants268 Β· top 5%
  • #1,160of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.30 Β· top 10%
Genes detectedMTM1
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response timeβ€”
πŸ“„ Sources
10β–Ό
1
Directed evolution of a family of AAV capsid variants enabling potent muscle-directed gene delivery across species.
PMID: 34506722
Cell Β· 2021
1.00
2
Recessive truncating titin gene, TTN, mutations presenting as centronuclear myopathy.
PMID: 23975875
Neurology Β· 2013
0.90
3
Filamin C in cardiomyopathy: from physiological roles to DNA variants.
PMID: 34535832
Heart Fail Rev Β· 2022
0.80
4
X-linked myotubular myopathy.
PMID: 34736623
Neuromuscul Disord Β· 2021
0.70
5
Congenital myopathies.
PMID: 37562885
Handb Clin Neurol Β· 2023
0.60