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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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MYCL
MYCL proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor
Chromosome 1 · 1p34.2
NCBI Gene: 4610Ensembl: ENSG00000116990.12HGNC: HGNC:7555UniProt: P12524
52PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
chromosomenucleoplasmRNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingDNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificneurodegenerative diseaseEndometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinomasuperficial spreading melanomadesmoplastic melanoma
✦AI Summary

MYCL is a proto-oncogene encoding a bHLH transcription factor that functions as a key regulator of cellular proliferation and transcriptional reprogramming. As a member of the MYC family, MYCL modulates approximately 15% of the global transcriptome, orchestrating diverse physiological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis 1. MYCL localizes to the nucleus where it binds RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory regions to regulate transcription [GO annotations]. In cancer, MYCL drives tumorigenesis primarily through gene fusion and amplification mechanisms. RLF-MYCL fusion—occurring in up to 7% of ASCL1-expressing small cell lung cancer (SCLC)—accelerates transformation, increases proliferation, and promotes metastatic dissemination 2. Extrachromosomal circular DNA-mediated MYCL amplification (ecMYC+) shapes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, correlating with reduced T-cell infiltration and therapy resistance 3. MYCL overexpression confers resistance to therapeutic intervention, with MAX acting as a context-dependent tumor suppressor that restrains MYCL-driven tumorigenesis 4. Clinically, MYCL amplification and overexpression are associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer 5. However, MYCL exhibits therapeutic potential beyond oncology: transient MYCL expression expands functional pancreatic β-cells and reverses hyperglycemia in diabetic mice 6, while MYCL co-expression with MYOD1 efficiently converts human fibroblasts into myogenic cells for regenerative therapy 7. MYCL also enhances induced pluripotent stem cell generation more efficiently than c-MYC 8.

Sources cited
1
RLF-MYCL fusion drives SCLC tumorigenesis, accelerates proliferation, and increases metastatic dissemination
PMID: 34344693
2
MYCL amplification and overexpression occur in lung cancer with prognostic significance
PMID: 32003251
3
MYCL encodes a transcription factor that modulates ~15% of global transcriptome and is deregulated in >70% of cancers
PMID: 33692331
4
Extrachromosomal MYCL amplification creates immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with reduced T-cell infiltration
PMID: 40299768
5
MAX functions as context-dependent tumor suppressor that restrains MYCL-driven SCLC tumorigenesis
PMID: 32470392
6
MYCL expression expands pancreatic β-cells and reverses hyperglycemia in diabetic mice
PMID: 35145326
7
MYCL co-transduction with MYOD1 efficiently converts human fibroblasts to myogenic cells (~90% conversion rate)
PMID: 28501623
8
MYCL generates induced pluripotent stem cell colonies more efficiently than c-MYC via MB0 and MB2 domains
PMID: 34930932
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.53Moderate
desmoplastic melanomaOpen Targets
0.37Weak
Endometrial Endometrioid AdenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.37Weak
gastrointestinal stromal tumorOpen Targets
0.37Weak
nodular melanomaOpen Targets
0.37Weak
skin squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.37Weak
superficial spreading melanomaOpen Targets
0.37Weak
Merkel cell skin cancerOpen Targets
0.29Weak
melanomaOpen Targets
0.29Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
prostate adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
urinary bladder carcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
soft tissue sarcomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
hypothyroidismOpen Targets
0.28Weak
colon adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
cervical squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
TRRAPProtein interaction100%KAT5Protein interaction100%MRGBPProtein interaction100%EP400Protein interaction98%KLF4Protein interaction97%MAXProtein interaction96%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Brain
33%
Bone Marrow
17%
Lung
14%
Heart
5%
Ovary
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
MYCLTRRAPKAT5MRGBPEP400KLF4MAX
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt P12524
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.62LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.63Intermediate
Observed/Expected LoF0.37 [0.23–0.62]
RankingsWhere MYCL stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #8,585of 20,598
    Most Researched52
  • #4,312of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.62 · top quartile
Genes detectedMYCL
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Rlf-Mycl Gene Fusion Drives Tumorigenesis and Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Small Cell Lung Cancer.
PMID: 34344693
Cancer Discov · 2021
1.00
2
MYC, MYCL, and MYCN as therapeutic targets in lung cancer.
PMID: 32003251
Expert Opin Ther Targets · 2020
0.90
3
Alternative approaches to target Myc for cancer treatment.
PMID: 33692331
Signal Transduct Target Ther · 2021
0.80
4
Amplification of Extrachromosomal MYC Paralogs Shapes Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
PMID: 40299768
Clin Cancer Res · 2025
0.70
5
MAX Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Rewires Metabolism in Small Cell Lung Cancer.
PMID: 32470392
Cancer Cell · 2020
0.60