NECTIN4 (nectin cell adhesion molecule 4) is a type I transmembrane protein functioning as a cell adhesion molecule involved in homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell interactions at adherens junctions 1. Beyond its adhesive role, NECTIN4 serves as a cellular receptor for measles virus, with in vivo studies demonstrating that measles virus initially infects CD150+ immune cells before transmitting to NECTIN4-expressing epithelial cells, contributing to systemic infection and immune suppression 2. Clinically, NECTIN4 has emerged as a significant oncogenic target. It is minimally expressed in healthy adult tissues but substantially overexpressed in multiple solid tumors, including breast, bladder, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, and esophageal cancers, with 69% of examined tumor specimens showing positive staining 1. This expression pattern has enabled development of enfortumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting NECTIN4, which is FDA-approved for advanced urothelial carcinoma 3. In a phase 3 trial, enfortumab vedotin significantly improved overall survival (12.88 vs. 8.97 months) compared to standard chemotherapy in platinum- and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-pretreated patients 3. Perioperative enfortumab vedotin combined with pembrolizumab demonstrated superior outcomes in cisplatin-ineligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, achieving 74.7% two-year event-free survival versus 39.4% with surgery alone 4. NECTIN4 represents a promising histology-agnostic therapeutic target across multiple cancer types.