NEK10 is a divergent serine/threonine kinase within the NIMA-related kinase family with multifaceted roles in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, and ciliary function 1. Structurally, NEK10 contains a catalytic domain flanked by coiled-coil domains, armadillo repeats, and ubiquitin-associated domains 1. NEK10 uniquely functions as a tyrosine kinase, phosphorylating p53 at Y327 to regulate its transcriptional activity during genotoxic stress; NEK10 loss enhances cellular proliferation and increases DNA damage sensitivity 2. Additionally, NEK10 phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr30 within the Axin complex to promote its degradation, and this function is critical for suppressing lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis 3. NEK10 also competes with O-GlcNAcylation for RYR1 phosphorylation, indirectly regulating skeletal muscle proteolysis in cancer-associated cachexia 4. In ciliated tissues, NEK10 regulates mucociliary clearance. Mutations in NEK10 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia-44, evidenced by ciliary ultrastructural defects 5. Clinically, NEK10 expression levels predict favorable outcomes in breast cancer, and genetic variants near NEK10 are associated with cancer-related fatigue severity 6.