NIPSNAP3A is a mitochondrial matrix protein involved in cellular homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Primary Function: NIPSNAP3A regulates mitochondrial dynamics and coordinates critical cellular processes including proliferation, migration, and apoptosis 1. The protein is part of the conserved NIPSNAP family, with expression detected across multiple tissues, particularly in skeletal muscle 2. Mechanism: NIPSNAP3A modulates mitochondrial fission through regulation of DRP1-S616 phosphorylation and suppresses cytochrome c release during apoptosis, thereby influencing cellular survival pathways 1. Disease Relevance: Genetic variants in NIPSNAP3A are associated with multiple pathological conditions. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), SNP rs10820637 near NIPSNAP3A shows potential association with curve severity 3. NIPSNAP3A was identified as a hub gene in prostate cancer progression and serves as a prognostic biomarker; high expression correlates with altered immune infiltration and chemotherapy sensitivity 4. The gene also emerged as a hub mitochondrial-related gene in periodontitis pathogenesis, correlating with immune microenvironment alterations 5. Clinical Significance: NIPSNAP3A was identified as androgen-responsive in prostate tissue 6, and rare variants in its regulatory regions associate with lipid metabolism traits 7. These findings position NIPSNAP3A as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic and cancer-related diseases.